Eco-Friendly Cement Clinker Manufacturing Using Industrial Solid Waste and Natural Idle Resources as Alternative Raw Materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63333/eem.v1n27Keywords:
Industrial Solid Waste; Natural Idle Resources; Cement Clinker; Green ManufacturingAbstract
The production of silicate cement clinker consumes a huge amount of non-renewable mineral resources, resulting in both land degradation and environmental issues. Utilizing alternative silica sources is an effective way to achieve sustainable cement production. The present work reviews the use of industrial solid waste (such as iron tailings, steel slag, red mud, and ceramic waste) and natural idle resources (such as pumice, basalt, and desert sand) as sustainable substitutes for traditional SiO2 sources in silicate cement clinker synthesis. These alternative sources are characterized by their wide availability and low cost, and they are capable of alleviating resource shortages and environmental pressures. The characteristics of clinker calcination, cement hydration, and hardening properties were elaborated. The results demonstrated that by optimizing the dosage of alternative sources and improving the calcination process, the properties of cement clinker can be effectively enhanced, while achieving efficient resource utilization and sustainable environmental development. This review provides a theoretical basis and technical support for promoting the application of industrial solid waste and natural idle resources in the cement industry, and has important guiding significance for promoting the green manufacturing in cement industry.
References
[1] Zhang, Y. R., Liu, M. H., & Wang, Y. F. (2014). Comparative analysis of existing life cycle inventories of cement in china. Advanced Materials Research, 1051,721-724. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1051.721.
[2] The Global Cement Report™, 15th Edition. International Cement Review. 2024: 8-14.
[3] Tsakiridis, P. E., Papadimitriou, G. D., Tsivilis, S., & Koroneos, C. (2008). Utilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production. Journal of Hazardous materials, 152(2),805-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.093.
[4] Young, G., & Yang, M. (2019). Preparation and characterization of Portland cement clinker from iron ore tailings. Construction and Building Materials, 197,152-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.236.
[5] Puertas, F., García-Díaz, I., Palacios, M., Gazulla, M. F., Gómez, M. P., & Orduña, M. (2010). Clinkers and cements obtained from raw mix containing ceramic waste as a raw material. Characterization, hydration and leaching studies. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32(3),175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.11.011.
[6] Tsakiridis, P. E., Agatzini-Leonardou, S., & Oustadakis, P. (2004). Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker. Journal of Hazardous materials, 116(1/2),103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.002.
[7] Faria, N. C. N., Pereira, V. M., Nobre, T. R. S., Romano, R. C. d. O., Vieira Coelho, A. C., & Angulo, S. C. (2023). Clinker Portland with iron ore tailing and its characterization by integrated laboratory methods. Construction and Building Materials, 402,132958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132958.
[8] Luo, L., Zhang, Y. M., Bao, S. X., & Chen, T. J. (2016). Utilization of iron ore tailings as raw material for Portland cement clinker production. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016,1596047. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1596047.
[9] Cui, S. C., Lv, X. J., & Liu, J. (2011). Preparation of Portland Cement with Pumice. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 99-100,733-738. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.99-100.733.
[10] Luo, W. L., Shi, Z. M., Wang, W. B., Liu, Z., & Liu, Z. W. (2025). Study of phase transformation of calcium silicate using desert sand as raw materials. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 22(2),e14984. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.14984.
[11] Abdel Latief, M. A. K., El-Sayed, M. I., Shahien, M. G., & Zayed, A. M. (2020). A new insight upon the use of weathered basalt as alternative raw material in Portland clinker production. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1),885-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.08.008.
[12] Hassaan, M. Y. (2001). Basalt rock as an alternative raw material in Portland cement manufacture. Materials Letters, 50(2),172-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00220-8.
[13] Shi, Z. M. (2022). Green manufacturing of silicate materials using desert sand as a raw-material resource. Construction and Building Materials, 338,127539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127539.
[14] Bogue, R. H. (1955). The chemistry of Portland cement. New York:Reinhold.
[15] Yuan, R. Z. (2005). Cementitious materials science. Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology.
[16] Xu, X. H., Qi, C. C., Aretxabaleta, X. M., Ma, C. D., Spagnoli, D., & Manzano, H. (2024). The initial stages of cement hydration at the molecular level. Nature Communications, 15(1),2731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46962-w.
[17] Qiao, X. C., Poon, C. S., & Cheeseman, C. R. (2007). Investigation into the stabilization/solidification performance of Portland cement through cement clinker phases. Journal of Hazardous materials, 139(2),238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.009.
[18] Shi, C. J., & Qian, J. S. (2000). High performance cementing materials from industrial slags-a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 29(3),195-207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(99)00060-9.
[19] Iacobescu, R. I., Angelopoulos, G. N., Jones, P. T., Blanpain, B., & Pontikes, Y. (2016). Ladle metallurgy stainless steel slag as a raw material in Ordinary Portland Cement production: a possibility for industrial symbiosis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112,872-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.006.
[20] Puertas, F., García-Díaz, I., Barba, A., Gazulla, M. F., Palacios, M., Gómez, M. P., & Martínez-Ramírez, S. (2008). Ceramic wastes as alternative raw materials for Portland cement clinker production. Cement & Concrete Composites, 30(9),798-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.06.003.
[21] Garcfa-Dfaz, I., Puertas, F., Gazulla, M. F., Gomez, M. P., & Palacios, M. (2009). Effect of ZnO, ZrO2, B2O3. Part II. Phase separation and clinker phase distribution. Materiales de Construcción, 59(294),53-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.06.003.
[22] Luo, W. L., Shi, Z. M., Wang, W. B., Liu, Z., & Liu, Z. W. (2025). Hydration and hardening characteristics of cement using desert sand as a silica source. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.15132.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wenli Luo, Zhiming Shi, Wenbin Wang, Ao Yu, Zhiwen Liu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Similar Articles
- Oleksii Hrechanyi, Khudiakov Rostyslav, Dernovyi Oleksandr, Vernydub Mykhailo, Mylenkyi Bohdan, Experimental Study of the Process of Obtaining Filament for 3D Printing from Plastic Waste , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
- Dr. Ao Yu, Dr. Wenbin Wang, Junfei Gu, Dr. Wenli Luo, Qi Hu, Linhui Zhou, Xiaoqing Yi, Dr. Zhiming Shi, Application Progress in the Preparation of Eco-Friendly Composite Ceramics from Solid Waste , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
- Qi Hu, Dr. Wenbin Wang, Dr. Ao Yu, Dr. Wenli Luo, Junfei Gu, Xiaoqing Yi, Linhui Zhou, Dr. Zhiming Shi, A New Environmental-Friendly Approach to Preparing Glass-Ceramics from Desert Sand , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
- Yi Hu, Shiqi Zhang, Qirui Pan, Chi Cong Nie, Development Trends and Solutions for Comprehensive Energy Services in the Context of Green and Low-Carbon Initiatives , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
- Longtian Li, Dr.Tim, Digital Transformation and the Synergistic Evolution of Green Talent Capacity: Theoretical Lineage, Research Progress and Future Prospects , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
- Tao Zheng, Chao Bian, Xiaohong Sun, Lianyong Wang, Design and Application of Low-NOx Burners in Rotary Kilns , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
- Xuemei Jiang, Tingyin Deng, Wenying Zhang, Application Status, Hotspots, and Future Trends of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Sustainable Environmental Governance , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
- Mohammad Amini, Longsheng Deng, Waqas Hassan, Reza Jafari, Fatima Zahra Zidane, LNRF-Based Landslide Zonation: Enhancing Risk Assessment in Badakhshan, Afghanistan , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
- Leela Kaur, Prem Godara, Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in groundwater quality evaluation: A case study of arid region , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Dr. Ao Yu, Dr. Wenbin Wang, Junfei Gu, Dr. Wenli Luo, Qi Hu, Linhui Zhou, Xiaoqing Yi, Dr. Zhiming Shi, Application Progress in the Preparation of Eco-Friendly Composite Ceramics from Solid Waste , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
- Qi Hu, Dr. Wenbin Wang, Dr. Ao Yu, Dr. Wenli Luo, Junfei Gu, Xiaoqing Yi, Linhui Zhou, Dr. Zhiming Shi, A New Environmental-Friendly Approach to Preparing Glass-Ceramics from Desert Sand , Energy & Environment Management: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)